Historytwo

POP ART Pop Art is an art movement that began around the year 1950 in Britain. This movement promotes and appreciates popular culture (Gersh-Nesic, 2017). Characteristics: Recognisable symbolism, drawn from well known media and items.  Generally brilliant hues.  Level symbolism affected by comic books and daily paper photos.  Pictures of VIPs or anecdotal characters in comic books, promotions and fan magazines.  In form, an imaginative utilization of media (Gersh-Nesic, 2017). Sigmar Polke, Bunnies, 1893. (Khan Academy. 2017) In Bunnies, Polke utilizes a picture from the Playboy Club portraying four of their "bunnies" in outfits. By reproducing the Raster speck printing strategy in this sketch, Polke disturbs the mass-showcasing of sexual interest, in light of the fact that the nearer the viewer gets to the work, the less they see (The Art Story,2017). Multi-hued dabs twirl all through the photo plane. Smuges, obscures, abnormalities all are

De Stijl This an abstract art movement that began on the year 1917. It was started by a group of artists and architects, they were influenced by some of the Dada ideas (De Stijl. 2017). Piet Mondrain, Composition A, 1920. (Artnet News. 2017) De Stijl artists and the movement itself put forward the idea of the ultimate simplicity and abstraction through which they could express a utopian idea of harmony and order. From the above image by Mondrain we can see that the harmony was established through minimalism and the use of geometric shapes and primary colors (Design Is History. 2017). Kadi Sabi, klr. 2017 Similar to the De Stijl artworks the above artwork is simple, Sabi utilizes rectangular shapes along with primary colours. The difference is that Sabi does his work digitally and also adds more colours to the primary colours, Sabi also utilizes typography; when looking at the type one can see that Sabi uses simplicity by removing the vowels f

Surrealism Surrealism began as a literature and philosophical movement established by Andre Breton, it later became an art movement (The Message of Surrealist Art. 2009). Max Ernst, The Elephant Celebes. 1921 Surrealism intended express the unconscious and subconscious, they c ombined the unconscious and conscious mind to achieve until now what is considered  an impossible artistic creation.  The juxtaposing of unrelated visuals became the way of achieving surrealism art.  Ernst had served in World War I and had been deeply affected by it, one can tell from looking at the above image; t he elephant has been interpreted to represent the fear-inducing British tanks being seen for the first time, the headless woman likely represents Ernst’s sister, whose death traumatized him.  In reality, a tank and Ernst’s dead sister would never appear side by side in his life, but inside Ernst’s mind during the war, these thoughts were mixed together  (

DADA The Dada movement began during the First World War in Zurich, Swtizerland. This movement was influenced by the following movements:  Cubism Futurism Constructivism Expressionism (The Art Story. 2017). Hans Arp, Untitled (Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance), 1917. (The Art Story. 2017) The Dada movement represented the opposite of everything art stood for, it was basically an anti-art movement. Which is quite ironic, Dada was an anti-art movement that was considered an art movement (Art Term, Tate. 2017).  In the above image the artwork came about by chance, as the title suggests "Squares Arranged According to the Laws of Chance", What Arp did was drop the coloured squares on the large sheet and wherever the coloured squares fell is where he glued them. What is ironic about this is that one may say that the above piece leaks concept, but the "Laws of Chance" itself could be considered as a concept (The Art Story.

EXPRESSIONISM Expressionism also known as German-Expressionism began around 1905 in Germany. it lasted for about 28 years and end 1933 (The Art Story 2017). Kathe Kollwitz, death and woman, 1910. Expressionists used exaggerated brush strokes and potent colours, this was an expression of the artist's emotion and also this aimed to evoke emotion from the viewers (The Art Story 2017). On the other hand Kathe's expressionism style was a bit different from the others, she didn't emphasis brush strokes but she hatched, and instead of using potent colours she used shades of darks and greys to express and evoke emotions such as sorrow, woe and depression. One may call her art:  mourning art. She lost her loved ones consecutively, and thats what inspired her art. In the above artwork she illustrates death, the woman is being pulled down, and dark intense shadow may suggest she being pulled through the ground, and this symbolises a funeral since people

FUTURISM " Futurism began Its transformation of Italian culture on February 20th, 1909, with the publication of the Futurist Manifesto, authored by writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti " (The Art Story. 2017). Giacomo Bella, Dynamism of dog on a leash, 1912. A pro-industrialisation art movement that celebrated advanced technology and urban modernity ( The Art Story. (2017) . The futurists like all the other modernism art movements was against what was considered the traditional way of doing art. But unlike all the other art movements the futurists didn't want anything to do with the past, this was a bit complex because it meant they would neglect what they said and believed in 5-10 years ago because its in the past. The above painting illustrate their love for speed, the dog and the human legs are shown still but also have sense of movement, this is because of the multiple frames that are shown in one picture they give a sense of movement.

CUBISM Cubism began in Paris around 1907. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque are considered the fathers of this movement, other artists of this movement who are not that recognised are: Fernand Leger Piet Mondrian Sir Jacob Epstein Juan Fris.   (Cubism. 2017) .   Pablo Picasso,  Femme au chapeau. 1962. Cubism rejected portraying figures or objects from only one point of view, Cubist artists wanted to capture multiple viewpoints in one picture plan (Cubism. 2017). Cubism as a form of abtsract art, the figures and objects are represented geometrical shapes. "Cubism made it possible for us to be designers today" (Daandrey S. 2017), in other words if it wasn't for cubism we would probably would not have what we know today as: logos, and different kinds of signs. Kadi Sabi, Jean, 2017. In the above image similar to cubism Sabi also represents his figure in an abstract way, He also utilizes geometric shapes, but Sabi's work is

The Glasgow Four and Viennese Secession Glasgow Four comprised of:  Charles Rennie Mackintosh James Herbert Margaret Macdonald Frances Macdonald  Glasgow Four Viennese Secessions comprised of:  Gustav Klimt Koloman Moser Josef Hoffmann Joseph Olbrich Max Kurzweil Wilhelm Bernatzik and others.. The Glasgow Four Charles Rennie Mackintosh, The Glasgow Four. The Scottish Musical Review,   1896. (Process & Skills. 2017) Looking at the above artworks its safe to say that Art Nouveau and Beggarstaff gave birth to the type of style the Glasgow Four did, basically Art Nouveau and Beggarstaff are the main influences of the Glasgow-4's style of art. Like Art Nouveau artists The Glasgow Four used a lot of flowy lines, floral-organic and geometric forms, they also used flat solid colours (Process & Skills. 2017).   Derrick Strawcastle, Untitled 2016, (Derrick Strawcastle. 2017) Similar to the Glas

 IMPRESSIONISM & POST IMPRESSIONISM   This movement began late 20th century (1979) and got its name from  Jean-François Lyotard, a philosopher (Reference, 2017) . This movement can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting (The Art Story 2017). Edouard Manet, Le dejeuner sur l'herbe, 1863. Impressionism artists wanted to shift from the traditional way of painting (Realism). Impressionists aimed to capture objects made on the eye in an instant, in order to do so they had to move out of studios and be where the action is. Impressionist paint brush strokes were defined and in some paintings clearly visible and thier choice of colour was colourful and in a way the colours complemented each other  (The Art Story 2017) . Paul Ferney, Untitled, 2015. (PAUL FERNEY. 2017) Similar to impressionist artists in the above painting Paul seems to be capturing a moment " made on the eye in an instant", his colour selection

ART NOUVEAU Art Nouveau began around 1880 in London but later spread to different countries around Europe. Some of these Europe countries gave this movement a name using their own languages, eg: Austria - Secessionsstil, Spain - Modernismo, Catalan - Mordernisme etc. Art Nouveau then lost popularity before the first World War making way for what we now know as Art Deco (The Art Story. 2017). Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,  La Goule at the Moulin Rouge, 1891. (Art Nouveau Movement, Artist And Major Works) Art Nouveau artists aimed at modernizing their work during their time. Art Nouveau artists utilized flat forms and outlines with a flat infil colour (as shown on the above image). Art Nouveau's debt to Japanese prints as well as the lighting in such nightclubs that naturally would render the surface details of figures and other objects not sharply defined  (The Art Story. 2017) Chong Lock Sin, Untitled 2009. (Lock Sin 2009) Just like Art No